{"id":28,"date":"2006-04-07T08:46:42","date_gmt":"2006-04-07T08:46:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scholastiquemukasonga.net\/home\/?p=28"},"modified":"2006-04-07T08:46:42","modified_gmt":"2006-04-07T08:46:42","slug":"le-soir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholastiquemukasonga.net\/fr\/le-soir\/","title":{"rendered":"LE SOIR &#8211; Colette Braekman  &#8211; 7 avril 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<span style=\"background-color: #333399; color: #ffffff; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 24pt;\"><strong>LE SOIR <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Vendredi 7 avril 2006<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/idata.over-blog.com\/0\/25\/58\/62\/00ademfx.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"137\" height=\"219\" \/><\/p>\n<h1>La gestation du g\u00e9nocide rwandais<\/h1>\n<h4><strong>Dans un document prenant, plein de souvenirs  d&rsquo;enfance,<\/strong> \u00ab Inyenzi ou les cafards \u00bb, Scholastique Mukasonga montre  comment les Tutsis ont d&rsquo;abord \u00e9t\u00e9 exil\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs avant de devenir  ennemis.<\/h4>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>A lors que se rapproche l&rsquo;anniversaire du d\u00e9but du g\u00e9nocide, les  ombres s&rsquo;allongent sur la m\u00e9moire de ceux qui ont surv\u00e9cu. Les souvenirs  se font plus denses, la souffrance s&rsquo;aiguise. De plus en plus  cependant, les langues se d\u00e9lient, les contributions \u00e0 la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 se  multiplient, sollicit\u00e9es lors des s\u00e9ances de \u00ab\u00a0gacaca\u00a0\u00bb, la justice  communautaire o\u00f9 les voisins se r\u00e9unissent pour confronter souvenirs et  accusations. Elles prennent aussi une forme litt\u00e9raire, comme lorsqu&rsquo;une  survivante, Scholastique Mukasonga, convoque ses souvenirs d&rsquo;enfance  pour rappeler, au plus pr\u00e8s, au plus juste, ce que signifiait \u00eatre Tutsi  dans les ann\u00e9es 60.<\/p>\n<p>Dans <em>Inyenzi ou les cafards<\/em>, elle se souvient avec pr\u00e9cision de ce qu&rsquo;on appellera par la suite <em>\u00ab\u00a0la Toussaint rwandaise\u00a0\u00bb<\/em> : elle avait trois ans lorsqu&rsquo;\u00e9clat\u00e8rent \u00e0 Butare les premiers  pogromes. En hurlant, des bandes arm\u00e9es de machettes, de lances, d&rsquo;arcs,  de torches se lanc\u00e8rent \u00e0 l&rsquo;assaut des cases couvertes de paille,  \u00e9ventr\u00e8rent les greniers de haricots, de sorgho. Ils ne pillaient pas,  se souvient-elle, <em>\u00ab\u00a0ils voulaient seulement d\u00e9truire, effacer toutes traces, nous an\u00e9antir\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Ce que les Belges de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque appelleront <em>\u00ab\u00a0la r\u00e9volution sociale <\/em> \u00bb  est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d&rsquo;un long calvaire : les Tutsis dont on avait  incendi\u00e9 les maisons \u00e9taient promis \u00e0 l&rsquo;exil, d&rsquo;autres furent d\u00e9port\u00e9s  dans une r\u00e9gion encore sauvage, \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie du Rwanda traditionnel,  le Bugesera. Avec minutie, Mukasonga se souvient de son enfance  difficile o\u00f9 seule l&rsquo;\u00e9cole, o\u00f9 elle fut admise par miracle, lui  apparaissait comme une planche de salut tandis que ses parents, oblig\u00e9s  de reconstruire leur vie, menaient une dure existence d&rsquo;exil\u00e9s  int\u00e9rieurs.<\/p>\n<p>Si elle est encore en vie et si elle a pu se charger de r\u00e9diger ce  document d&rsquo;une rare qualit\u00e9, c&rsquo;est parce que les parents de Mukasonga  ont choisi de se s\u00e9parer de leurs enfants, afin qu&rsquo;ils puissent  poursuivre leurs \u00e9tudes au Burundi, conna\u00eetre une certaine s\u00e9curit\u00e9, et  aussi perp\u00e9tuer la famille. Le calcul \u00e9tait d\u00e9chirant, mais juste : tous  ceux qui sont rest\u00e9s au Rwanda ont trouv\u00e9 la mort en 1994.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat de ce beau livre, \u00e9crit dans une langue forte et pr\u00e9cise,  est qu&rsquo;il d\u00e9montre, de mani\u00e8re irr\u00e9futable, \u00e0 quel point le g\u00e9nocide de  1994 se trouvait en gestation dans l&rsquo;histoire du Rwanda ind\u00e9pendant,  depuis 1959. Les souvenirs de Mukasonga confirment le t\u00e9moignage d&rsquo;une  autre rescap\u00e9e, Esther Mujawayo (1), qui a eu le courage de retourner au  Rwanda en compagnie de Souad Belhaddad afin de retrouver les restes de  sa soeur St\u00e9phanie et de solliciter les t\u00e9moignages des assassins de sa  famille.<\/p>\n<p>(1)<em> La fleur de St\u00e9phanie, Rwanda entre r\u00e9conciliation et d\u00e9ni, <\/em>Esther Mujawayo et Souad Belhaddad, Flammarion, 251 p., 18 euros.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">Colette Braekman<\/span>\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>LE SOIR Vendredi 7 avril 2006 La gestation du g\u00e9nocide rwandais Dans un document prenant, plein de souvenirs d&rsquo;enfance, \u00ab Inyenzi ou les cafards \u00bb, Scholastique Mukasonga montre comment les Tutsis ont d&rsquo;abord \u00e9t\u00e9 exil\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs avant de devenir ennemis. &nbsp; A lors que se rapproche l&rsquo;anniversaire du d\u00e9but du g\u00e9nocide, les ombres s&rsquo;allongent sur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,10],"tags":[196],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>LE SOIR - Colette Braekman - 7 avril 2006 - Scholastique Mukasonga - \u00e9crivaine rwandaise<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scholastiquemukasonga.net\/fr\/le-soir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LE SOIR - Colette Braekman - 7 avril 2006 - Scholastique Mukasonga - \u00e9crivaine rwandaise\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LE SOIR Vendredi 7 avril 2006 La gestation du g\u00e9nocide rwandais Dans un document prenant, plein de souvenirs d&rsquo;enfance, \u00ab Inyenzi ou les cafards \u00bb, Scholastique Mukasonga montre comment les Tutsis ont d&rsquo;abord \u00e9t\u00e9 exil\u00e9s int\u00e9rieurs avant de devenir ennemis. &nbsp; 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