{"id":53,"date":"2006-05-23T15:37:55","date_gmt":"2006-05-23T15:37:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.scholastiquemukasonga.net\/home\/?p=53"},"modified":"2006-05-23T15:37:55","modified_gmt":"2006-05-23T15:37:55","slug":"53-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scholastiquemukasonga.net\/fr\/53-2\/","title":{"rendered":"l’Humanit\u00e9 – Jean Chatain – 23 mai 2006"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Article paru dans l’\u00e9dition du 23 mai 2006<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Rwanda\u00a0: du pogrom au g\u00e9nocide<\/h1>\n

Toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration tutsie a, de la p\u00e9riode coloniale aux massacres organis\u00e9s, subi durant quarante ans la d\u00e9portation et l\u2019apartheid.<\/h3>\n

Inyenzi ou les cafards,<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

de Scholastique Mukazonga.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c9ditions Gallimard, 2006, 168 pages, 12,90 euros<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Rwanda\u00a0: face \u00e0 face<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

avec un g\u00e9nocide,<\/em><\/p>\n

de Didier Patry. \u00c9ditions Flammarion, 2006, 300 pages, 20 euros<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 en croire certains commentateurs – soucieux avant tout d\u2019innocenter les pouvoirs politiques fran\u00e7ais successifs des accusations sur leurs relations avec le r\u00e9gime raciste et clanique en place au Rwanda de 1962 \u00e0 1994\u00a0-, le g\u00e9nocide d\u2019avril-juin 1994 aurait \u00e9clat\u00e9 comme un coup de tonnerre dans un ciel serein. Une folie de sang \u00ab\u00a0spontan\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, en r\u00e9action \u00e0 l\u2019assassinat du pr\u00e9sident Habyarimana.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 L\u2019autobiographie de Scholastique Mukasonga d\u00e9ment ce discours trop simpliste pour \u00eatre honn\u00eate. L\u2019histoire cont\u00e9e est celle de toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration tutsie, ballott\u00e9e de pogrom en pogrom, de 1959 (sous la colonisation belge) jusqu\u2019au massacre organis\u00e9 au plus haut niveau de l\u2019\u00c9tat quarante-cinq ans plus tard. Une descente aux enfers dont les \u00e9tapes s\u2019appellent Gikongoro (ville de la naissance), Butare (premi\u00e8res milices \u00ab\u00a0ethnistes\u00a0\u00bb, mises en place avec la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction du pouvoir colonial et de l\u2019\u00c9glise missionnaire, premi\u00e8re exp\u00e9rience du crime raciste et de l\u2019apartheid comme moyens de domination sociale), le Bugesera, zone insalubre (la seule dont la population est menac\u00e9e par la maladie du sommeil) o\u00f9 furent d\u00e9port\u00e9es des centaines de familles tutsies rescap\u00e9es des pers\u00e9cutions perp\u00e9tr\u00e9es dans leurs r\u00e9gions d\u2019origine. Scholastique y vit jusqu\u2019en 1973, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que ses parents l\u2019exp\u00e9dient avec l\u2019un de ses fr\u00e8res vers le Burundi. Elle reviendra au Bugesera une premi\u00e8re fois clandestinement, puis, en mai 1986, avec son \u00e9poux fran\u00e7ais et leurs deux enfants. Un soir, sa m\u00e8re lui demande de partir plus t\u00f4t que pr\u00e9vu, \u00e9voquant le fait que les enfants \u00ab\u00a0ne sont pas habitu\u00e9s \u00e0 notre nourriture\u00a0\u00bb. Ce qu\u2019elle traduit aussit\u00f4t\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Peut-\u00eatre mes enfants et moi-m\u00eame \u00e9tions-nous en danger, mais, surtout, notre pr\u00e9sence \u00e9tait une menace pour toute la famille.\u00a0\u00bb Le dernier chapitre correspond \u00e0 un autre retour, apr\u00e8s le g\u00e9nocide de 1994, et prend l\u2019aspect d\u2019une litanie, celle des proches, voisins et amis disparus. \u00ab\u00a0Dans le cahier d\u2019\u00e9colier qui ne me quitte plus, je consigne leurs noms, et je n\u2019ai pour les miens et tous ceux qui sont tomb\u00e9s \u00e0 Nyamata que ce tombeau de papier\u00a0\u00bb…<\/p>\n

Le second ouvrage est d\u2019une facture fort diff\u00e9rente. Me Didier Patry, membre du Barreau p\u00e9nal international et, il tient \u00e0 le souligner, colonel de r\u00e9serve dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise, a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense de g\u00e9nocidaires pr\u00e9sum\u00e9s au Rwanda et devant le TPI d\u2019Arusha (Tanzanie). Le style souvent mondain de ses souvenirs peut parfois insupporter, il n\u2019att\u00e9nue en rien l\u2019impact de certains t\u00e9moignages qu\u2019il rapporte. Tel celui de ce milicien ayant particip\u00e9 au carnage de Murambi, \u00e0 la p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de Gikongoro. Lorsque les militaires fran\u00e7ais de \u00ab\u00a0Turquoise\u00a0\u00bb y sont arriv\u00e9s pour b\u00e2tir la zone humanitaire s\u00fbre (ZHS), les massacres se sont poursuivis sous leurs yeux, confirme-t-il. Pismt, \u00ab\u00a0il suffisait de (leur) dire que tel ou tel \u00e9tait inkotanyi (combattant FPR – NDLR). C\u2019est pour cela qu\u2019il y a quelques gens qui en ont profit\u00e9 pour \u00e9liminer leurs antagonistes. Le cas le plus connu est celui de S… Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 livr\u00e9 par son fr\u00e8re. Les Fran\u00e7ais lui ont promptement administr\u00e9 la mort par la fusillade\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Jean Chatain\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Article paru dans l’\u00e9dition du 23 mai 2006   Rwanda\u00a0: du pogrom au g\u00e9nocide Toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration tutsie a, de la p\u00e9riode coloniale aux massacres organis\u00e9s, subi durant quarante ans la d\u00e9portation et l\u2019apartheid. Inyenzi ou les cafards, de Scholastique Mukazonga. \u00c9ditions Gallimard, 2006, 168 pages, 12,90 euros. Rwanda\u00a0: face \u00e0 face avec un g\u00e9nocide,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":99,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,10],"tags":[196],"yoast_head":"\nl'Humanit\u00e9 - Jean Chatain - 23 mai 2006 - Scholastique Mukasonga - \u00e9crivaine rwandaise<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/scholastiquemukasonga.net\/fr\/53-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"l'Humanit\u00e9 - Jean Chatain - 23 mai 2006 - Scholastique Mukasonga - \u00e9crivaine rwandaise\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Article paru dans l’\u00e9dition du 23 mai 2006   Rwanda\u00a0: du pogrom au g\u00e9nocide Toute une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration tutsie a, de la p\u00e9riode coloniale aux massacres organis\u00e9s, subi durant quarante ans la d\u00e9portation et l\u2019apartheid. Inyenzi ou les cafards, de Scholastique Mukazonga. \u00c9ditions Gallimard, 2006, 168 pages, 12,90 euros. 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